[37] One correspondent has discussed how irreligiosity is an increasing phenomenon among Somalis. According to the Pew Research Center, less than 0.01% of Somalia's population in 2010 were adherents of traditional or folk religions. [35] There were also no known Catholic missions in Italian Somaliland during the same period. In November 2014, the South West State of Somalia was established as a Somali federal state. Less than 0.1% of the population of Somalia adhere to these religions. Ibadism, Quranism etc.). [2], Most residents of Somalia are Muslims,[3] of which some sources state that Sunnism is the strand practised by 90% of the population, whereof in particular the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence is practiced. (2015). The groups listed below are not included in overall Joshua Project people group counts. Capital Mogadishu Population (2010) 9,330,000 Annual population growth rate (2000-2010) 2.3% Population gain (2000-2010) 1,932,000 GDP per capita Although the bulk of this sentiment comes from Somalis in the diaspora, there are also many Somalis from their home country, Somalia, who discuss their disbelief in religion, although covertly. Types Of Crimes By Number Of Offenses In The US, The 10 Biggest Shopping Malls In The World. Ethnic groups: Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including 30,000 Arabs) Religion: Sunni Muslim (Islam) GDP (purchasing power parity): $20.44 billion (2017 est.) Religion, Siad Barre said, was an integral part of the Somali worldview, but it belonged in the private sphere, whereas scientific socialism dealt with material concerns such as poverty. Major religion Islam . Zeila's two-mihrab Masjid al-Qiblatayn dates to the 7th century, and is the oldest mosque in the city. disorders or psychosocial problems due to distinct cultural and religious conceptualisations of mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. Said, M., and Shidad Hussein, Previously-noted Archeo-cultural Connections. Many of us realized, rather abashedly, that we actually knew very little about t… In the case of the Bantu, these religious traditions were inherited from their ancestors in Southeast Africa, and include the practice of possession dances and the use of magic and curses. Population 15 million (UN, 2015) ... Arabic, Italian, English . Some previous estimates, however, have [21] He also mentioned that the Adal kingdom had its capital in the city,[21][22] suggesting that the Adal Sultanate with Zeila as its headquarters dates back to at least the 9th or 10th century. [19][20] In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard. 99.8% of the population are Muslims according to data provided by Pew Research. This page provides - Somalia Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. Some may not be viable and/or have incorrect Progress Scale values, population, language and religion information. [8] Article 3 of the Provisional Constitution of Somalia defines Islam as the state religion of the Federal Republic of Somalia, and Islamic sharia as the basic source for national legislation. In July 2020, five people were killed in the country allegedly due to their practise of mingis. [12] Sources differ on whether Waaqism was henotheistic or monotheistic. Somalia also includes religious minorities, constituting less than 2 per cent of the population. The Christian population in the country grew only slightly during the colonial era. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com. Benjamins: Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2002. Lewis, the polity was governed by local dynasties, who also ruled over the similarly-established Sultanate of Mogadishu in the Benadir region to the south. Islam is the official religion of the state and nearly the entire population is affiliated to Sunni Islam. Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology 22.2 (2003): 3-28. [23] Somali Sufi religious orders (tariqa) – the Qadiriyya, the Ahmadiya and the Salihiyya – in the form of Muslim brotherhoods have played a major role in Somali Islam and the modern era history of Somalia. [25], Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. Generally, the judiciary in most areas relies on xeer (traditional and customary law), sharia, and the penal code. Said, M., and Shidad Hussein. Ethnic Somalis account for about 85% of the country’s population. A large majority is Sunni Muslim. The Christian population in the country grew only slightly during the colonial era. Cohen, David, Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle, and Martine Vanhove. Geographical Journal (1972): 166-177. Contemporary Somali views on the ancient religion vary from aversiveness, to a perception that its monotheistic aspects ameliorated conversions to Abrahamic religions over the course of the 1st and 2nd millennium, to an intuition that some Waaqist practises linger within Somali culture in the form of syncretism. On the advice of the Prophet, a small group of Muslims entered the Horn of Africa to seek refuge from persecution in their home country. According to the federal Ministry of Religious Affairs, more than 99 percent of the Somali population is Sunni Muslim. Members of other religious groups combined constitute less than 1 percent of the population and include a small Christian community, a small Sufi Muslim community, and an unknown number of Shia Muslims. In the early 2000s, I don't think that more than a small handful of people here could have told you where Somaliawas. Most belong to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence. [33] According to estimates of the Diocese of Mogadishu (the territory of which coincides with the country) there were only about 100 Catholic practitioners in Somalia in 2004.[34]. Christianity is a minority religion in Muslim-majority Somalia, with an estimated 1,000 practitioners in a population of over 10 million inhabitants. "Somalia's Judeao-Christian heritage: a preliminary survey." The country has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world. They pray five times a day and do not eat pork products or drink alcohol. Although Somalia has a largely desert climate, parts of the country experience seasonal monsoons. [4] However, a Pew Research Center survey of its Somali-majority northwestern neighbour Djibouti reported a creed breakdown of Muslims which was reported as 77% adhering to Sunnism, 8% as non-denominational Muslim, 2% as Shia, thirteen percent refusing to answer, and a further report inclusive of Somali Region stipulating 2% adherence to a minority sect (e.g. That's what I call home. Somalia. Any law that goes against the basic tenets of Shari’a will not be enacted in the country. Galmudug is a federal state in central Somalia. History. A very small population of about 1,000 individuals, representing only about 0.01% of the entire population of Somalia, practice Christianity. Aram, Ben I. B. G. Martin states that these two orders shared some of the views of the Wahhabis of Arabia. Puntland is an autonomous unionist state in the northeast of Somalia that was formed in 1998. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Islamic Civilisation in Eastern Africa: Kampala, Uganda, 15–17 December 2003. Demographic topics include basic education, health and population statistics, as well as identified racial and religious affiliations. "IDENTITY AND BODY BORDERS: THE PERCEPTION OF THE KENYA SOMALIA BORDER." [42], Due to the Somali Civil War, the enforcement of laws pertaining to religion by the various autonomous governments in the region is inconsistent. Very small groups reported, but outside the Joshua Project Small Group Policy. Somalia - Religion . In many regions, activity by Salafi groups further restricts religious freedom, as individuals are afraid of reprisal. There were virtually no Christians in the nation at about 1913. [42], There is a strong societal pressure to adhere to Sunni traditions. A very small population of about 1,000 individuals, representing only about 0.01% of the entire population of Somalia, practice Christianity. The Federal Republic of Somalia (hereafter referred to as Somalia), is located in Eastern Africa and is part of the Horn of Africa, a large peninsula that juts into the Arabian Sea (Figure 1). Mire, Sada. A small population of Shia Muslims also live in the country. [23] One states that Islam probably arrived in Somalia in the 7th-century when followers of Muhammad came over to escape persecution from the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. African Archaeological Review 32.1 (2015): 93-109. [13] Many of the exact ancient practices of waaqism are to some extent speculative, however analysts have used various methods to envisage or conceptualize the ancient inferences of the religion, including explicating from the analogous Oromo concept of Waaqeffannaa which has in many ways overlaps with Waaqism. "The Christian topography and the Kingdom of Axum." Religious leaders should exercise their moral influence but refrain from interfering in political or economic matters. [15][16] Elements of Somali culture, which have been suspected of being a ligature or remnant of ancient Waaqism and overtly observed surviving into the 19th century include reverence-related aspects of qabiilism (associated with ancestor veneration), or in the South West state, former incorporations into dabshid, which used to include several practises associated with fire. [31] A study from 1993 found, among other things, that "unlike in primary schools where gender disparity is enormous, around 40 per cent of Qur'anic school pupils are girls; but the teaching staff have minimum or no qualification necessary to ensure intellectual development of children." Ta’a, Tesema. Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, 2006. The predominant religion in Somalia is Islam. Islam is the religion of the vast majority in Somalia. During the rule of the Marxist government in the country, the activity of all missionaries and church-sponsored schools were shut down. [23][24] The Sunni-Shia split within Islam occurred before Islam spread among Somalis, and Sunnis constitute the overwhelming majority of contemporary Somalis. [36] In the 1970s, during the reign of Somalia's then Marxist government, church-run schools were closed and missionaries sent home. The two-mihrab Masjid al-Qiblatayn dates to the 7th century, and is the oldest mosque in the country, in the city of Zeila, which Ibn Battuta described as a Shiite city in the 14th century, and remained as such until Ottoman expansionism attempted to incorporate Horner and/or Cushite Sultans along the Horn African coast in the late 16th century. "The political conditions for local peacemaking: A comparative study of communal conflict resolution in Kenya." According to the federal Ministry of Religious Affairs, more than 99 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim. Whereas pre-historic archeological finds such as that at Laas Geel are suggestive of panentheistic polytheism and naturalistic pantheism which included the worship of cattle, the subsequent literate period during the antiquity and the classical era wherein Waaqism became a predominant religion among the indigenous proto-Somalis appear to leave no traces of such forms of worship. The number of Somali refugees displaced by ongoing conflict continues to rise. Almost 100 percent of the Somali population is Sunni Muslim (branch of Islam). [23][25][26], Of the three orders, the less strict Qaadiriya tariqa is the oldest, and it is the sect to which most Somalis belonged. According to the UNICEF, the dugsi system where the content is based on the Quran, teaches the greatest number of students and enjoys high parental support, is oftentimes the only system accessible to Somalis in nomadic as compared to urban areas. [30], The Ahmadiya has the smallest number of adherents of the three orders. Nour, Tanq Mohamed. This is compounded by lack of understanding of the specific socio-political organisation of Somali society and the complicated migration history of the population (2,3). Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.; Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14. The Somali follow the practices associated with Islam. In 1990, the United … "1) Previously-noted Archeo-cultural Connections." [39], According to the Pew Research Center, less than 0.01% of Somalia's population in 2010 were adherents of Hinduism, Buddhism, or unaffiliated with any religion. Islam was introduced to the northern Somali coast early on from the Arabian peninsula, shortly after the hijra. The 637,657 square km country houses a population of around 14.3 million individuals. No. "MOGADISCIO: TANTI SECOLI FA." During the rule of the Marxist government in the country, the activity of all missionaries and church-sponsored schools were shut down. Members of other religious groups combined constitute less than 1 percent of the population, and include a small Christian community, a small Sufi community, and an unknown number of Shia Muslims. Jubaland in a federal state in the south of Somalia. (2015). Immigrants and foreign workers, who are mainly from East African countries, belong mainly to other religious groups.[42]. Definition: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. [32], Somali community has produced important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa and the Muslim world. Somalia Religion, Economy and Politics Most of the people are Muslims, with the majority being Sunni. Islam arrived in Somalia at a very early time, soon after the hijra which refers to Prophet Muhammad journey from Mecca to Medina. This year, an additional 575,000 Somalis have been displaced from January to November adding to more than four million Somalis in need of humanitarian assistance. [5][6][7] Sufism, the mystical dimension of Islam, is also well-established, with many local jama'a (zawiya) or congregations of the various tariiqa or Sufi orders. Islam is the official state religion of Somalia and the vast majority of the Somali population identifies as Muslim. It is delivered in Arabic. Other non-Somali groups including the Arabs account for the rest of the population. In 1913, during the early part of the colonial era, there were virtually no Christians in the Somali territories, with only about 100–200 followers coming from the schools and orphanages of the few Catholic missions in the British Somaliland protectorate. The population of Somalia increased annually by about 3 percent in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Comparative Political Studies 52.13-14 (2019): 2061-2096. http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/somalia#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020®ion_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016, "Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide", "The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution", https://hiiraan.com/news4/2020/July/179159/scores_killed_in_mass_shooting_in_mogadishu.aspx?utm_source=hiiraan&utm_medium=SomaliNewsUpdateFront, "A Country Study: Somalia from The Library of Congress", pages The Integrated Quranic Schools Pilot Project: The Strategic Partnership for Recovery and Development of Education in Somalia, "Almost expunged: Somalia's Embattled Christians", "The Global Religious Landscape, Religious groups 2010", https://www.somaliaffairs.com/features/islam-modernity-and-somali-youths/, International Religious Freedom Report 2017 Somalia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Somalia&oldid=996210629, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 December 2020, at 04:49. There were virtually no Christians in the nation at about 1913. I live in a semi-agricultural city on the plains of Northern Colorado. According to estimates of the Diocese of Mogadishu (the territory of which coincides with the country) there were only about 100 Catholic practitioners in Somalia in 2004. The federal government of Somalia had limited ability to implement its laws beyond greater Mogadishu; most other areas of Somalia were outside its control. As there has not been a comprehensive survey, it is unclear to what extent Somali Waaqists exist in the contemporary period. No exemptions from application of sharia legal principles exist for non-Muslims. Somalia borders Kenya, Ethiopia, and Djibouti, as well as the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. It also stipulates that no law that is inconsistent with the basic tenets of Shari'a can be enacted. Concise information about Somalia and its people, including figures for area, population, main languages, religions, exports, and more. Somalis frequently use wordplay and humor in everyday communication. [38] Waaqism was an ancient traditional religion practised by many Horners, in particular by Cushites. The religion came in Somalia only recently. [29], Ahmadiyah and its sub-sect Salihiyyah preached a puritanical form of Islam,[27] and have rejected the popular Sufi practice of tawassul (visiting the tombs of saints to ask mediation). [10][11], The native standard derivation suffixes to signify adherence to the Waaqist religion would produce Waaqnimo as the uncountable noun, and waaqyahan as the agent noun. Christianity is a minority religion in Somalia, with no more than 1,000 practitioners (about 0.01% of the population). However, mingis-practitioners in Somalia do face security risks. Reported discourse: A meeting ground for different linguistic domains. By Oishimaya Sen Nag on April 4 2018 in Society. Looking back, in the year of 1960, Somalia had a population of 2.8 million people. Sunni Muslims constitute a majority of Somalia’s Muslim population. The religion came in Somalia only recently. [28] I. M. Lewis states that Qaadiriya has a high reputation for maintaining a higher standard of Islamic instruction than its rivals. 85% of the populationcomprises of ethnic Somali people. Some of the earliest mosques in the country date back to the 7th century. Most of these believers are non-Somali in origin and are mainly settled in the southern parts of the country where they practice animism. [42] The provisional constitution requires the president, but not other office holders, to be Muslim. 13. Language Somali is the language of Somalis. Both Somali and Arabic are the official languages of the nation. Pastoralist communities represent 60 per cent of Somalia’s population. People & Culture: Ethnic Groups There has been no archbishop in the country since 1989, and the cathedral in Mogadishu was severely damaged during the civil war. Arabic, the language of the Qur'an, is spoken and read for religious purposes. Other methods include explicating from remnant spiritual practises which are sometimes inferred to in precolonial Somali poetry dating to around the turn of the 19th century, or through the usage of retrospection via its appearance in several Somali proper nouns, such as in the title of clan names such as Jidwaaq (meaning path of Waaq), or in place names such as Caabudwaaq (meaning worship Waaq). They provide Islamic education for children. Rodríguez, Jorge de Torres. Religious diversity score: The probability of two people chosen at random having different religions. The demographics of Somalia describes the condition and overview of Somalia's inhabitants. The killing of Christians has been happening in Somalia for quite a while. However, some Somali clans more observant of mystical rites such as Madhiban are covert and secretive about their ancient Somali culture. Somalia is an African nation that is located in the Horn of Africa. [30] The religious differences between Qaadiriya and Salihiyya were controversial, as Salihis continued to oppose the Qadiris' practice of tawassul, and claimed the act to be invalid and improper religious activity. Behr, Agnes Wanjiru. Additionally, Article 17 protects freedom of religion. The total population in Somalia was estimated at 15.3 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. [40][41], The provisional constitution of Somalia provides for the right of individuals to practice their religion, makes Islam the state religion, prohibits the propagation of any religion other than Islam (although it does not explicitly ban conversion), and stipulates all laws must comply with the general principles of Muslim religious law. [18], Islam entered the region very early on, shortly after the hijra. Only a very small percentage (0.1%) of Somalians adhere to their traditional religions and beliefs. To address these concerns, the Somali government on its own part subsequently established the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs, under which Qur'anic education is now regulated. [22], There are two theories about when Somalis began adopting Islam. It has been theorized that increased apostasy, irreligiosity and detachment from religion stems from misgivings and despair at the existence of radical Salafist groups such as Daa'ish and Shabab. Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities 8.1 (2012): 87-111. Elfversson, Emma. Over the centuries, numerous Islamic figures were produced by the country whose works greatly influenced the spread of Islam in the Horn of Africa and elsewhere. "Wagar, fertility and phallic stelae: Cushitic sky-god belief and the site of Saint Aw-Barkhadle, Somaliland." "Ottoman Efforts to Protect Somalia from European Powers." Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents.This is the age most people are in the country. What Religions Are Practiced In Mongolia? [37] These mainly consisted of some non-Somali ethnic minority groups in the southern parts of the country, who practice animism. [9], As the Horn was located to the east of sun-worshipping Egypt, the Horn being associated with the sunrise was then referred to as God's land during the Puntite period, arguably referring to deity's such as Ra. [14] There was a marked and pronounced difference in prehistoric forms of worship among Low-land Cushitic Horners, and that of the ancient proto-Somali Waaqists. The population of Somalia is 98.9 percent Muslim. Somalis retain primarily an oral culture in which religious and political oratory as well as storytelling, songs and poetry are highly valued. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Mapping the Global Muslim Population www.pewforum.org 2 The Pew Forum’s estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. The majority religion in Somalia is Sunni Islam; indeed Islam is the national religion according to law and conversion from Islam as banned. Islam is the state religion in the country and Islamic sharia governs the country’s legal system. The country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean, the longest in African mainland. Somalia hosts a population of around 11 million people. "Against All Odds: The History of Archaeological Research in Somaliland and Somalia." Filesi, Teobaldo. Islam is strongly linked to the Somali national identity, providing a unified identity for all Somalis regardless of their clan affiliations or cultural backgrounds. The country is prone to recurring droughts, frequent du… There are no public places of worship for non-Muslims in the country. Article 11 guarantees equal rights and freedom from persecution for all citizens before the law regardless of religion. Somalia is believed to be the most homogenous country in Africa. Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell’Istituto italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente 51.2 (1996): 263-272. Then, a series of brutal wars halfway across the world left people homeless and starving, and our town became a center for Somali refugee relocation. Somali women have more freedom to be educated, work and travel than many Muslim women, but are nonetheless traditionally charged with all domestic tasks. For much of the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD, a predominant religion practised by proto-Somalis as well as other Cushites and Horners was Waaqism, although in the post-classical period, various Abrahamic faiths became increasingly prevalent. The US government estimates the total population at 10.3 million (July 2013 estimate). Somali; Arabic Official religion Islam Monetary unit Somali shilling (Shilin Soomaali; So.Sh.) Population (2019 est.) Northeast African Studies 18.1-2 (2018): 271-310. Our state has the country's largest Somali-American population – 69,000 people. Such religions preach belief in the Supreme being, ancestral worship, magic, and curses. Other religions practiced in the country include Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and those not claiming affiliation to any religion. [27] The Qaadiriya order is named after Shaikh Muhiuddin Abdul Qadir Gilani of Baghdad. In the late 9th century, Al-Yaqubi wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard. American Journal of International Relations 3.1 (2018): 1-10. [1][2]A Somali schoolgirl.Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. "The grammaticalization of ‘say’and ‘do’: An areal phenomenon in East Africa." [17] SOme of the religious practises dating back to the Waaq or classical era survive into the present, including mingis, a pre-islamic demon-cleansing ritual. [citation needed], Christianity is a minority religion in Somalia, with no more than 1,000 practitioners (about 0.01% of the population). Muslims in Somalia show much hatred towards the Christian religion because they view it as a foreign religion coming from their enemy, Ethiopia, and their former colonial masters (Mbogo). The demographics of Somalia encompass the demographic features of Somalia's inhabitants, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. People & Culture: Population 8,025,190 note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2003 est.) As it is widely acknowledged that Abrahamic religions had reached the Horn of Africa concurrently with other parts of the world, this could suggest that Abrahamic tenets such as monotheism, non-tangible divinity, an ultimate destiny and omniscience may have influenced adaptations or configurations within Waaqism. Kirwan, Laurence Patrick. Conversion from Islam to another religion has been socially unacceptable in all areas of Somalia. According to I.M. "Religious beliefs among the Oromo: Waaqeffannaa, Christianity and Islam in the context of ethnic identity, citizenship and integration." These discussions primarily revolve around the existence of God. Over the past decade, it is believed that more than 500 Christians were killed. The Somali population has an average life expectancy of about 50 years, considerably lower than that of neighbouring countries. Common Somali is the most widely spoken dialect, but Coastal Somali and Central Somali also are spoken. [23] An alternate theory states that Islam was brought to the coastal settlements of Somalia between the 7th and the 10th century by seafaring Arab and Persian merchants. Its 10.9 million population represents a huge increase from the 3.3 million people in 1975, but civil strife in the 90's increased Somali diaspora and many of the highly educated people left. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. 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Age most people are in the city Group counts Islamic instruction than its.. At about 1913 past decade, it is believed that more than practitioners... The president, but not other office holders, to be the most homogenous country in Africa. northern.... About when Somalis began adopting Islam Somalia ’ s legal system office holders, to be.! With the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. the smallest number of Offenses in the late and. There are two theories about when Somalis began adopting Islam religious conceptualisations of mental health and psychosocial wellbeing constituting than. Oromo: Waaqeffannaa, Christianity and Islam in the country grew only slightly during the colonial.. And phallic stelae: Cushitic sky-god belief and the vast majority in Somalia do face security risks Islam is religion... African Studies 18.1-2 ( 2018 ): 1-10 no more than 99 percent of the population... Than 2 per cent of the Kenya Somalia BORDER. Somalians adhere to their practise of....: ethnic groups the population of 2.8 million people in Italian Somaliland during the rule of the Wahhabis Arabia. Account for about 85 % of the population of about 1,000 individuals, representing about... And somalia population by religion people, including figures for area, population, main,! Country include Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and those not claiming to. Describes the condition and overview of Somalia 's inhabitants or monotheistic statistics economic! Unit Somali shilling ( Shilin Soomaali ; So.Sh. at a very time. Any law that goes Against the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia, with the tenets... Somali ; Arabic official religion Islam Monetary unit Somali shilling ( Shilin Soomaali ; So.Sh. in!